Effects of salinity and replacement of K+ by Na+ on lipid composition in two sugar beet inbred lines

The effects of NaCl and replacement of K⁺ by Na⁺ on the lipid composition of the two sugar beet inbred lines FIA and ADA were studied (a) with increasing additions of NaCl to the basal medium, and (b) with increasing replacement of K⁺ by Na⁺ at the same total concentration as in the basal medium. Direct relations were noted between NaCl concentration of the nutrient solution and the phospholipid concentration in the roots of FIA, the genotype characterized by a low K⁺/Na⁺ ratio, as well as between NaCl in the medium and the phospholipid concentration in the shoots of ADA, the genotype with a high K ⁺/Na ⁺ ratio. The sulfolipid level in the roots of FIA was maintained at higher NaCl concentrations, while it was decreased in ADA. The glycolipid concentration in the shoots of ADA and the degree of unsaturation of the fatty acids of the total lipid fraction were decreased by salinity, indicating reduced biosynthesis of chloroplast glycolipids and/or accelerated oxidation of these lipids in the presence of NaCl.
In the Na⁺ for K⁺ replacement experiment a low content of K⁺ in the medium resulted in decreased levels of total lipids, phospholipids and sulfolipid in the roots of both genotypes, which did not relate to root growth. K⁺-leakage from the roots at low K⁺-level in the medium may be reduced by the increase in saturation of the lipids. In the shoots of ADA increased levels of total lipids, phospholipids and Sulfolipid were noted at a low K⁺-concentration of the nutrient solution.     

Transport of Mg2+ and Ca2+, and Mg2+-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase activity in oat roots as affected by mineral nutrition

Mg²⁺- and Ca²⁺-uptake was measured in dark-grown oat seedlings ( Avena sativa L. cv. Brighton) cultivated at two levels of mineral nutrition. In addition the stimulation of the ATPase activity of the microsomal fraction of the roots by Mg²⁺ was measured. Ca²⁺-uptake by the roots was mainly passive. Mg²⁺-uptake mainly active; the passive component of Mg²⁺-uptake was accompanied by Ca²⁺-efflux up to 60% of the Ca²⁺ present in the roots.
In general Mg²⁺ -uptake of oat roots was biphasic. The affinity of the second phase correspond well with that of the Mg²⁺-stimulation of the ATPase activity, in low-salt roots as well as in high-salt roots and in roots of plants switched to the other nutritional condition. Linear relationships were observed when [phase 2] Mg²⁺-uptake was plotted against Mg²⁺-stimulation of the ATPase activity of the microsomal fraction of the roots. In 5 days old high-salt plants 1 ATP (hydrolysed in the presence of Mg²⁺ J corresponded with active uptake of a single Mg²⁺ ion, but in older high-salt roots and in low-salt roots more ATP was hydrolysed per net uptake of a Mg²⁺ ion. The results are discussed against the background of regulation of the Mg²⁺-level of the cytoplasm of root cells by transport of Mg²⁺ by a Mg²⁺-ATPase to the vacuole, to the xylem vessels, and possibly outwards.     

Cyclopropane Fatty acids in relation to earliness in spring and drought tolerance in plants

Long chain cyclopropane fatty acids were observed in the sulfolipid fraction extracted from leaves of the early spring plants Galanthus nivalis L. and Anthriscus silvestris L. (Hoffm.). The content of cyclopropane fatty acids with 25 carbon atoms appeared to be clearly correlated with earliness in spring, and it ranged from 68% (G. nivalis L., snow drop) to 0.5% (wheat). Several long chain cyclopropane fatty acids were found in the drought-tolerant Corynephorus canescens (L.) P.B., exclusively in the phosphatidyl choline fraction.     

Clinical Trial of Malaria Prophylaxis in Tropical Splenomegaly Syndrome

A controlled, randomized, double-blind trial of malaria prophylaxis in tropical splenomegaly syndrome showed a significant reduction in spleen size and an improvement of anaemia and symptoms in patients treated with antimalarials compared with control subjects receiving placebo. This study confirms the observations from West Africa and provides further indirect evidence for a malarial aetiology of tropical splenomegaly syndrome.     

The characteristic high sulfate content in Brassica oleracea is controlled by the expression and activity of sulfate transporters

The uptake and distribution of sulfate in BRASSICA OLERACEA, a species characterised by its high sulfate content in root and shoot, are coordinated and adjusted to the sulfur requirement for growth, even at external sulfate concentrations close to the K (m) value of the high-affinity sulfate transporters. Plants were able to grow normally and maintain a high sulfur content when grown at 5 or 10 microM sulfate in the root environment. Abundance of mRNAs for the high affinity sulfate transporters, BolSultr1;1 and BolSultr1;2, were enhanced at 相似文献   

Regulation of sulfate uptake and expression of sulfate transporter genes in Brassica oleracea as affected by atmospheric H(2)S and pedospheric sulfate nutrition

Demand-driven signaling will contribute to regulation of sulfur acquisition and distribution within the plant. To investigate the regulatory mechanisms pedospheric sulfate and atmospheric H(2)S supply were manipulated in Brassica oleracea. Sulfate deprivation of B. oleracea seedlings induced a rapid increase of the sulfate uptake capacity by the roots, accompanied by an increased expression of genes encoding specific sulfate transporters in roots and other plant parts. More prolonged sulfate deprivation resulted in an altered shoot-root partitioning of biomass in favor of the root. B. oleracea was able to utilize atmospheric H(2)S as S-source; however, root proliferation and increased sulfate transporter expression occurred as in S-deficient plants. It was evident that in B. oleracea there was a poor shoot to root signaling for the regulation of sulfate uptake and expression of the sulfate transporters. cDNAs corresponding to 12 different sulfate transporter genes representing the complete gene family were isolated from Brassica napus and B. oleracea species. The sequence analysis classified the Brassica sulfate transporter genes into four different groups. The expression of the different sulfate transporters showed a complex pattern of tissue specificity and regulation by sulfur nutritional status. The sulfate transporter genes of Groups 1, 2, and 4 were induced or up-regulated under sulfate deprivation, although the expression of Group 3 sulfate transporters was not affected by the sulfate status. The significance of sulfate, thiols, and O-acetylserine as possible signal compounds in the regulation of the sulfate uptake and expression of the transporter genes is evaluated.     

Induction of Defense-Related Responses in Cf9 Tomato Cells by the AVR9 Elicitor Peptide of Cladosporium fulvum Is Developmentally Regulated

The AVR9 elicitor from the fungal pathogen Cladosporium fulvum induces defense-related responses, including cell death, specifically in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) plants that carry the Cf-9 resistance gene. To study biochemical mechanisms of resistance in detail, suspension cultures of tomato cells that carry the Cf-9 resistance gene were initiated. Treatment of cells with various elicitors, except AVR9, induced an oxidative burst, ion fluxes, and expression of defense-related genes. Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of Cf9 tomato leaf discs with Avr9-containing constructs resulted efficiently in transgenic callus formation. Although transgenic callus tissue showed normal regeneration capacity, transgenic plants expressing both the Cf-9 and the Avr9 genes were never obtained. Transgenic F₁ seedlings that were generated from crosses between tomato plants expressing the Avr9 gene and wild-type Cf9 plants died within a few weeks. However, callus cultures that were initiated on cotyledons from these seedlings could be maintained for at least 3 months and developed similarly to callus cultures that contained only the Cf-9 or the Avr9 gene. It is concluded, therefore, that induction of defense responses in Cf9 tomato cells by the AVR9 elicitor is developmentally regulated and is absent in callus tissue and cell-suspension cultures, which consists of undifferentiated cells. These results are significant for the use of suspension-cultured cells to investigate signal transduction cascades.